Facile fabrication of a binary NiCo phosphide with hierarchical architecture for efficient hydrogen evolution reactions

Exploring and designing efficient non-noble catalysts formed by element doping and nanostructure modification for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is of critical importance with respect to sustainable resources. Herein, we have prepared a three-dimensional binary NiCo phosphide with hierarchical architecture (HA) composed of NiCoP nanosheets and nanowires grown on carbon cloth (CC) via a facile hydrothermal method followed by oxidation and phosphorization. Due to its unique hierarchical nanostructure, the NiCoP HA/CC electrocatalyst exhibits excellent performance and good working stability for the HER in both acidic and alkaline conditions. The obtained NiCoP HA/CC shows excellent HER activity with a low potential of 74 and 89 mV at 10 mA cm⁻², a small Tafel slope of 77.2 and 99.8 mV dec⁻¹ and long-term stability up to 24 h in acidic and alkaline electrolyte, respectively. NiCoP HA/CC, a non-noble metal material, is a promising electrocatalyst to replace noble metal-based electrocatalysts for the HER.     

季铵化改性氨基聚硅氧烷的合成及应用性能

采用氯乙酸乙酯对N,N-二甲基-γ-氨丙基-γ-氨丙基聚二甲基硅氧烷(ASO-121)进行季铵化改性,合成了一种季铵化改性氨基聚硅氧烷(QASO-121)。利用红外光谱(IR)、核磁共振氢谱(1HNMR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、纳米粒度仪等仪器对QASO-121及其乳液进行了表征和纤维表面的成膜性分析,并讨论了氨值、黏度及硅乳用量对所整理织物应用性能的影响。结果表明,QASO-121乳液平均粒径为75.3 nm,电位为+21.2mV,且其在织物纤维表面具有良好的成膜性。经氨值为0.6 mmol/g、黏度为2.600 Pa·s、硅乳用量为4 g/L的QASO-121整理的布样,织物柔软性提高,亲水性增强,白度基本不变。将QASO-121与未季铵化ASO-121进行应用性能对比,发现两者整理织物的柔软性相近,但经QASO-121所整理织物具有良好的亲水性且富有弹性,其抗黄变性能也得到了改善。     

交联β-环糊精-可溶性淀粉复合微球对茉莉香精的吸附性

以可溶性淀粉、β-环糊精(β-CD)为主要原料,采用反相乳液聚合法合成了交联β-CD-可溶性淀粉复合微球,并采用单因素试验法优选出复合微球吸附茉莉香精的最佳工艺条件。研究结果表明:β-CD与淀粉交联形成了复合微球,其球形较规整、分布均匀且表面呈多孔结构;当吸附时间为3 h、吸附温度为50℃和φ(茉莉香精)=30%(相对于茉莉香精和无水乙醇总体积而言)时,复合微球对茉莉香精的吸附率可达到83.85%,并且其缓释性能较好。     

Structural and Interfacial Properties of Hyperbranched-Linear Polymer Surfactant

With oleic acid grafting modification, a series of hyperbranched-linear polymer surfactants (HLPS) were prepared by hydroxyl-terminated hyperbranched polymer (HBP), which was gained through a step synthesis method using trimethylolpropane and AB₂ monomer. The AB₂ monomers were obtained through the Michael addition reaction of methyl acrylate and diethanol amine. The structures of HLPS were characterised by Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), which indicated that HBP was successfully modified by oleic acid. Furthermore, the properties of surface tension and critical micelle concentration of HLPS solution showed that HLPS can significantly reduce the surface tension of water. The morphology of the HLPS solution was characterised by dynamic light scattering, which revealed that HLPS exhibited a nonmonotonic appearance in particle size at different scattering angles owing to the different replaced linear portions. The relationships of the surface pressure to monolayer area and time were measured using the Langmuir–Blodgett instrument, which showed that the surface tension of monolayer molecules increased with the increasing of hydrophobic groups. In addition, the interface conditions of different replaced HLPS solutions were simulated.     

含氟丙烯酸酯树脂的合成及其在氟碳涂料中的应用

以过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)为引发剂,将甲基丙烯酸十二氟庚酯(RfAA)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)、丙烯酸羟丙酯(HPAA)、丙烯酸(AA)和苯乙烯(ST)采用溶液聚合方法合成一种含氟丙烯酸酯树脂(PFBSH),并通过红外光谱(IR)对PFBSH进行了结构表征。将此树脂应用在双组份氟碳涂料中,该氟碳涂层的水接触角达到110.5°,其附着力、硬度、光泽和耐水性等都获得了令人满意的应用效果。另外讨论了固化温度和纳米TiO2对涂料应用性能的影响。     

阳离子聚丙烯酸酯无皂乳液的合成与性能研究

选用二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵(DMDAAC)与丙烯酸丁酯(BA)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)通过无皂乳液聚合法制备了聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵-丙烯酸丁酯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PDMDAAC-BA-MMA)乳液,采用单因素实验法分别考察了引发剂用量、反应温度和DMDAAC用量对乳液性能的影响。通过傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、动态激光光散射(DLS)、透射电镜(TEM)等表征手段对PDMDAAC-BA-MMA进行了表征。FT-IR结果表明单体成功发生了聚合。DLS和TEM结果表明乳胶粒子直径大约在800nm左右,呈典型的核壳结构。将其应用于皮革涂饰工艺中,应用结果表明,与市场产品相比,自制乳液涂饰后革样的抗张强度、吸水率和干湿擦牢度相当,断裂伸长率有大幅度提高。     

Optical transmittance enhancement and bandgap widening of ZnO:Al powders by W codoping

(Al, W)-codoped ZnO powders with a constant molar ratio of Zn:Al (99:1) and various molar ratios of W:Al (0–0.02) were synthesized by a sol–gel process and characterized by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and UV–vis and luminescent spectrophotometry. The experiments indicated that the powders illustrated increased c-orientation and a decreased average particle size with increasing W content. The W doping also resulted in the enhancement of transmittance in the UV–vis light range and the widening of the bandgap. Optimal efficiency appeared at molar ratio of W:Al = 0.01. Moreover, the W doping led to the formation of a new emission center and the enhancement of the emissions in range of visible light.     

Er掺杂强韧化Al_2O_3/TiAl复合材料

以Ti、Al、TiO2为起始原料,以Er2O3为掺杂剂,原位热压合成了Er掺杂Al2O3/TiAl复合材料。通过XRD、SEM分析及力学性能测试,研究了不同Er2O3引入量对合成Al2O3/TiAl复合材料微观结构和力学性能的影响。结果表明:复合材料主要由TiAl、Ti3 Al、Al2 O3相和少量Al10 Er6 O24相组成,含Er相主要分布在基体相晶界处;掺杂0.01 mol Er2 O3制得的复合材料,经1250℃保温2 h真空热压烧结后表观断裂韧性达到最大值(10.41 MPa.m1/2),经1300℃保温2 h真空热压烧结后弯曲强度达到最大值(456.06 MPa);当Er2O3掺杂量增加到0.02 mol时,复合材料的弯曲强度和表观断裂韧性均呈减小趋势。微观结构分析表明,掺杂0.01 mol Er2O3的复合材料断口毛糙,颗粒尺寸变小,增强相分布较均匀,表明适量的Er2O3掺杂可细化复合材料晶粒尺寸,提高增强颗粒分布均匀度,起到增强增韧的效果。     

Hydrogen generation from the H<Subscript>2</Subscript>O/H<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>2</Subscript> /MnMoO<Subscript>4</Subscript> system

Hydrogen gas as a clean energy resource was found to be largely bubbled from the H₂O/H₂O₂/MnMoO₄ system. The MnMoO₄ powder was synthesized by a sol-gel method and was characterized with x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectrometry. The efficiency of the hydrogen generation increases with increasing H₂O₂ proportion, amount of MnMoO₄ powder, and intensity of light resource. A mechanism is suggested for hydrogen generation from the H₂O/H₂O₂/MnMoO₄ system.     

Effects of Kaolinite addition on the densification and dielectric properties of BaTiO3 ceramics

Commercial Kaolinite was employed as sintering aid to reduce the sintering temperature of BaTiO₃ ceramics. The effects of Kaolinite content and sintering temperature on the densification, microstructure and dielectric properties of BaTiO₃ ceramics have been investigated. The density characterization results show that the addition of Kaolinite significantly lowered the sintering temperature of BaTiO₃ ceramics to about 1200 °C. XRD results show BaTiO₃ ceramics with a low amount of Kaolinite exhibited perovskite structure, but 10.0 wt% Kaolinite additions resulted in the formation of a secondary phase, BaAl₂Si₂O₈. BaO-TiO₂-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ glass phase was formed and improved the average breakdown strength of ceramics, which was supported by SEM-EDX results. The Kaolinite content had shown a strong influence on the dielectric constant and the diffuse transition. BaTiO₃ ceramic with 4.0 wt% Kaolinite addition possessed well temperature stability of dielectric constant.